2 WINSTON-SALEM JOURNAL Sarratt, EXECUTIVE EDITOR James B. L. Rush, EDITORIAL PAGE EDITOR EDITORIAL PAGE STAFF: H. Clay Ferree, Robert F. Campbell, Frances B.
Griffin, Howard L. Myers, Rixie E. Hunter WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA, SATURDAY, MAY 10, 1958 Welcome, Spellers TODAY annual Journal-SentinelWSJS Spelling Bee Day, there comes am to mind a report made not long ago by two Ohio State University medical staff members. It said in part: "Students have reported on their medical histories such childhood diseases as 'hooping 'rumatic feavor' and During their adolescence many are afflicted with 'accut apendisidius' (usually followed by an 'appendictimy'), heart 'mummers' due to 'rhuematic' fever, 'stummach truble' and Just what effect such previous ailments may have had on these students' present 'phiscul and mentle' condition is not, of course, for us to say. But it's crystal clear they've all come to college with one of the worst of the childhood diseases, a spelling deficiency.
And that's an affliction likely to plague them for the rest of their days. Spelling, like good habits, is something best learned when young. Old dogs still don't take up new tricks easily. That's why it is especially gratifying to note that among the spellers, each a champion, who come here today to compete for the Journal-Sentinel-WSJS title, four are in the sixth grade and nine in the seventh. That must mean that the schools of our area are emphasizing spelling not only among the eighth graders who, as a rule, win the chance to compete here for the championship--but also among the boys and girls of the lower grades.
Not all of those to whom these schools are teaching a respect for good spelling can, of course, be a contest winner, as are the champions who gather here today. But good spelling is, as the song goes, "a happy habit." Developed early, it can stand anybody in good stead, champion or otherwise, for the rest of his life. Civilians, Bombs and Survival THIS week's nationwide Civil Defense drill, "Operation Alert 1958," was on a far bigger scale than any of the earlier test runs. So many areas were reached and devastated by simulated, bombers that one might defense officials actually think that many planes could get through. Possibly the drill combined into one "raid" all the damage that might be expected in several days of actual attacks.
Nevertheless, the thought of nuclear bombbursts at four spots in North Carolina, to say nothing of radioactive clouds blowing across the mountains from Oak Ridge, is enough to the concern of people for their personal safety in event of war. With that concern goes a feeling of helplessness that the Civil Defense program is too ineffectual to dispell. The weak link in the Civil Defense program is the evacuation plan. Representative Chet Holifield said while pressing for approval of a federal shelter program, evacuation "is a concept of the past, in a radioactive age, unless we evacuate to prepared fallout shelters." About the only recommendation of the evacuation plan is its cheapness. In actuality, attempting to get out of a presumed target area could be the most dangerous thing the population could do, assuming there was time enough for the exodus to be completed.
Without elaborate and expensive shelters at their destination, the people would often be left in the open with only the most makeshift and exposed arrangements for their feeding and care. And have the paper evacuation plans given consideration to the problems that would arise in emptying a large town in a hurry? The traffic jams created by hysterical drivers even where roads were adequate to handle the sheer load? The parents who would head for the schools instead of the hills in efforts to get their families together? The confused milling around of people who could not know for sure that the evacuation would take them to safety instead of away from it? Evacuation is not the answer, as national Civil Defense officials realize. Recently they have modified their plans to give this fact part of the recognition it must have. Now they say, "Evacuate if there time; otherwise take whatever shelter is available." The point is, in many target areas there is very little real shelter to take. But a massive federal program of shelter construction--which would have to cost about $50 billion to handle the endangered persons has drawbacks, too.
The cost is only one. In the lightning-fast tempo of a nuclear attack, how many persons would be able to reach a community shelter? How many would be prepared to stay there for the days or perhaps weeks before it was safe to venture outside? How would the bare necessities of life be provided for such a mass of bottled-in people for so long a time? In reality, no public shelters that have been proposed would give protection if they were in the immediate area of a nuclear bombburst. They could only offer a degree of safety from the blastwaves and from fallout. Do-it-yourself shelters in the basem*nts of homes and places of business could offer that much, and would also be near enough at hand to reach in a few moments. Families would remain together in surroundings with which they were familiar, a situation that would be far more conducive to the actions necessary for survival than could prevail in a public shelter, where individuals would be members of' a bewildered herd.
There is no good answer to the question of survival in an atomic attack, but do-ityourself shelters seem preferable to any other proposals that have been discussed. The national and local Civil Defense organizations could fill a vital role in support of a do-it-yourself shelter-building campaign. In fact, Operation Alert has done part of the job by convincing some people of the dire threat to their lives the nuclear age has brought, and of the utter inadequacy of any present protective system. Now the public needs more information on what a shelter should be and what it should contain, Specifications should be drawn up for shelters of various sizes and price ranges, for the equipment and the emergency rations they should contain. Civil Defense could see to it that the specified equipment and rations were produced and made available to the public through commercial channels.
It might also be desirable to arrange a federal loan guarantee program to help finance the building of the shelters. Since this program would call for individual initiative, which many people would fail to take, it would fall far short of protecting the entire population. But all other proposals and plans offer still less. For people with the foresight to act, do-ityourself shelters seem the best solution. For the others, the only real hope is that a radioactive rainy day never comes.
Move Against Terrorism THE organization formed by 29 southern I cities in an effort to end anti-Jewish and anti-Negro bombings is an example of regional cooperation at its best. The dynamitings of synagogues, schools and homes in the past year or so seem to have followed a similar pattern. This fact tends to bear out the conclusion of Mayor Ben West of Nashville, that at least some of the bombings are the work of a trained, organized group on the lunatic fringe. If that is true, cooperative effort by the police should pay off. It can prove helpful not only to the 29 cities in the cooperative project but also to any others where trouble develops in the future.
Winston-Salem, for instance, could use the organization's facilities in the unhappy event that bombings are attempted here. And rewards totaling more than $50,000 would be payable those who helped apprehend the persons responsible. Clearly, it is more than coincidental that 46 bombings have taken place in the South since January 1, 1957. And it is no accident that a number of these dynamite blasts have been set off at Jewish community or religious institutions. These incidents are deplorable breaches in the generally fine relations that exist in the South between Jewish organizations and their home communities.
How much the federal government can do about those who plant bombs is not entirely clear. Attorney General William P. Rogers says that no basis for federal jurisdiction exists so far. But the FBI does have broad powers to act against criminals who operate across state boundariesand it may develop that an interstate crime network is involved in these incidents. Therefore, the North Carolina B'nai B'rith Association was certainly within the bounds of reason when it asked for federal intervention in a resolution adopted here Sunday.
-Regardless of whether the federal government does move in, the cooperative effort of the cities can be useful. If wouldbe dynamiters know in advance that police all 1 over the region are on the alert and that a heavy price rests on the heads of troublemakers, they may think twice before they carry out their missions of hate. Hatters Weren't So Mad By William "On a recent radio program," writes a Chicago reader, "an explanation of the origin of 'mad as a hatter' was given. The expert on the show said that a certain chemical (mercury, perhaps) used in the making of hats poisoned hatters, with the result that they had a sort of perpetual case of the jitters. People noticing their incessant trembling thought they were insane and thus the expression 'mad as a hatter' was born.
I've heard another explanation somewhere but I can't recall what it is. Can you help me out?" The explanation I have always found more believable than the one quoted holds that "hatter" is really a variant form of the Anglo-Saxon word, "atter," meaning poison. "Atter," of course, is closely related to "adder venomous viper whose sting was thought to cause insanity. This explanation has much to recommend it. For one 'We're Faced With a Security Crisis.
Information Is Still Leaking Into This Country' STRAUSS CONGRESSMAN APRIL THE POST Cot New Weapons for Cancer Fight? By Robert S. Allen WASHINGTON-New progress is being scored in the titanic battle against cancer. Two individual drugs and a combination of four others are indicating exceptional promise as potential cancer fighters. All these drugs are still in the experimental stage. They are not available for general use.
It will be at least a year before research authorities can reach any conclusions on the most encouraging of these drugs. However, this drug already has chalked up one spectacular success apparently either curing or suppressing a particularly malignant cancer. But it will be several years before it can be determined whether this patient, a 33-year-old woman, is fully cured. These are the exciting highlights of a special report by the National Cancer Institute, one of the group of world-famed medical research centers of the U. S.
Public Health Service, at Bethesda, Md. Hill's Request Titled "Advances in Cancer Research, JanuaryApril 1958," the special report was prepared at the request of Senator Lister Hill (D-Ala), chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee in charge of the budget for all medical research. This report will be published in the subcommittee's proceedings. As reported to Senator Hill the promising anticancer drugs are: Methotrexate Azauridine Combination of: Nicotinamide, 8-Azaguanine, Deoxypyridoxine and Testosterone The Cancer Institute's findings, while couched in restrained language of the medical profession, are deemed unusually significant by Hill. report is possibly the most important we have received from said the Alabaman, whose father was a prominent physician.
"This research may be on the verge of a real breakthrough in an effective treatment of cancer. Certainly it denotes distinctly cheering progress in that mighty endeavor." Regarding these promising drugs the special Cancer Institute report states: "METHATREXATE: Dr. James Holland has reported the suppression of choriocarcinoma in a Letters: Aid for the Railroads To the Editor of the Journal: The Administration's proposals regarding the railroads are intended to make it possible for railroads to divest themselves at an early date of unprofitable service; to eliminate from competition in the case of all modes of regulated transportation, that segment of the unregulated motor carrier industry which is not bona fide private carriage; to prevent further erosion of traffic from regulated carriers by inhibiting the broadening of the agricultural commodities exemption; to create an atmosphere in which competition will, to a very much larger extent, depend on price and service capability and to a greatly lessened degree on Government edict; and to provide certain railroads with temporary financial assistance in the form of guarantees of private loans for (1) cost reducing improvements and (2) greater earning capability. In view of the importance which your recent editorial, "Helping the attaches to the rate-making proposal, you may be interested to know that in his testimony on the Administration's proposals before the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee on April 29, 1958, Secretary Weeks said, "In this railroad situation it seems to me that the rate-making proposals are really the important proposals to be handled." -EDWARD MARGOLIN Assistant to the Under Secretary for Transportation U. S.
Department of Commerce Washington. A Classic Film To the Editor of the Journal: I should like to thank publicly the person or persons responsible for bringing "'The Bridge on the River Kwai" to the Carolina Theater where it could be enjoyed by all the citizens of Winston-Salem rather than by those alone who are privileged to attend the Winston. I should, also, like to add another word to the many that have already been spoken in praise of "The It is my belief that the last word on this magnificent film will not be spoken for a long time to come. Due, perhaps, to the directness of the appeal that art makes, the film was for me an unusual- Dulles Has a Sympathizer: Acheson By Drew Pearson WASHINGTON-At a private luncheon meeting with ex-Secretary of State Dean Acheson, a group of Democratic Senators recently learned that if Acheson were Secretary of State today he would follow practically the same policies as John Foster Dulles. Acheson gave some evidence of this during one closed-door meeting of the Democratic Advisory Committee when he balked at a proposal by Governor Averell Harriman of New York to change the wording of Acheson's Democratic policy statement on foreign affairs.
Adlai Stevenson, another member of Advisory Committee, also wanted to change the wording but Acheson was adamant. The wording, he said, would have to stand. The Senators who invited elder statesman Acheson to lunch included Albert Gore of Tennessee, 1 Joe Clark of Pennsylvania, William Proxmire of Wisconsin, Frank Church of Idaho, and the unofficial senator from Alaska, Ernest Gruening. They were surprised when Acheson displayed some bitterness at his old friend, George Kennan, whom he had recommended for the all-important post of U. S.
Ambassador to Moscow and who was the original author of the American policy of Soviet This was the Acheson-Truman policy of building American bases and a NATO wall all around the Soviet to block further expansion. Kennan has now advocated coexistence with Russia, has indicated that conditions have changed since the days when he recommended a tough, uncompromising policy against Russia. Kennan has also favored a demilitarized zone in Central Europe in which there would be no missile bases, either American or Russian. Acheson in talking to the Senators was vigorously opposed to a demilitarized zone; also seemed a bit bitter toward his old friend, Kennan. Arab Bitterness Illustrating Arab bitterness, Acheson told how he had attended a meeting of Arab UN delegates whom the State Department had invited to a country club near New York.
Acheson spoke in glowing terms of a new era of prosperity and peace in the Near East which could be obtained by rebuilding the famous irrigation works on the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. Acheson told the Senators how he had given the Arab leaders a of the good life ahead, told of the desire United States Governpicture, ment to bring happiness to the Arab world, of plans to send in American capital and the great future of the Arab people through the development of this irrigation project. It was implied that they would have to forget their bitterness toward Israel. The Arab leaders sat and listened transfixed to every word that he said, Acheson told the Senators. After he had finished they came up and congratulated him.
"That's the most wonderful speech we have ever heard, Mr. Secretary," they told him. "It's a great idea and we're going to get to work on it just as soon as we get this Israel problem settled." The State Department, which has been doing a good job of getting visitors acquainted with the United States, should keep an eye on some of its unofficial diplomats inside the USA. They seem determined that foreign visitors not get to know the American people who, after all, are a somewhat important part of the United States. In Prescott, the State Department and the Governmental Affairs Institute are ed by Miss Lela Roach of the Business and Professional Women.
She seems to believe that foreign visitors should see the Grand Canyon but not get to know American people. When Italian members of Parliament visited Arizona, great pains were taken that local Arizona newspapermen should know nothing about that dinner give en in their honor. Again, when Chilean members of the Chamber of Deputies stopped off at the Grand Canyon, the press and radio stations were boycotted. This was not the fault of the Chileans, but rather the local unofficial "diplomats" who had motorcars warmed up, ready to whisk the visitors for a full dose of scenery with no contacts with the American way of life. Miss Roach has instructions that foreign guests should get acquainted with small American towns, American ranches, farms, and methods of tion.
Instead, visitors see the Grand Canyon. My Notions: On Children By John Wesley Clay Sometime ago I wrote a piece about the joys of having a family of children and several of my readers seemed to misunderstand me, ing I was criticizing those couples who have no children. Of course that was not my intention at all. One reader wrote: "Only the Lord knows why some couples do not have children." I might have replied that the devil also had a good deal of information on the subject, but I didn't. I have known of families that might be styled hand-picked families.
In South American countries it is a very common occurrence for band and wife to adopt a number of children, even though they have children of their own. They may have several boys and want a girl, SO they adopt a girl. I have known them to adopt eight or ten children after they had that many of their own. I knew one man, an old sea-dog, who adopted a large family even though he did not have a wife. He just wanted children in the house.
His children were sure enough hand-picked. They all had to be red headed and freckled faced. And he developed a wonderful family. patient treated with methotrexate. This is believed to be the first case of its kind other than those reported by Doctors Min C.
Li, Donald Spencer, Roy Hertz and Herbert Lubs. A 33-yearold woman was treated according to the schedule prescribed by Dr. Li. "The patient, who was first placed on drug therapy in the fall of 1956, responded almost immediately. lesions in the lungs began a progressive decrease in size, as did the primary pelvic tumor.
By February 1957, the patient was apparently completely free of any malignant growth. the time this report was written, the patient was in remarkably good health. Side Reactions "Dr. Holland plans to administer methotrexate at 30 to 60 day intervals to maintain, suppression of the tumor if any remains. reactions were severe at times in this patient, but never life threatening." "AZAURIDINE: Promising results have been obtained in mice with this new drug by Dr.
Julian Jaffe, an NCI grantee, at Yale School of Medicine. The results of these tests showed that azauridine is significantly more effective than other drugs in inhibiting the growth of cancer tumors in mice. investigators reported it would seem preferable now to give attention to the possible application of this drug as an anticancer drug in man." "A COMBINATION: Four agents used simultaneously caused marked regression of breast cancer in mice, whereas lesser combinations, regardless of dosage, produced only retardation of tumor growth. the four compounds, nicotinamide, 8-azaguanine, deoxypyridoxine and testosterone, were tried singly, or in any combination of three, the best result obtained was stoppage of tumor growth. It took all four compounds used together to produce actual regression in the size of the tumors.
"These findings support the principle of simultaneously attacking tumors by a variety of metabolic pathways, as one means of improving the effectiveness of known anti-cancer agents Daniel Shapiro, NCI at Columbia University, suggests that selectively increasing the number of agents simultaneously administered can progressively augment anti-cancer activity and possibly produce complete tumor eradication." Rails, Kwai, ly satisfying expression of a thesis which has been reiterated and adumbrated in recent years by Alfred Korzybski, Ernst Cassirer, Ashley Montagu, Eric Fromm, and many others. These men contend, in their various ways and with varied emphasis, that human experiences are rescued from the kaleidoscopic state of fleeting and amorphous sensory impressions only by the organizing influence of creative work which provides the terms in which all human energies can be formulated and, therefore, articulated. Such a focalization, from this point of view, is the only "self" that can be identified. Creativity is then the response for which the organization of man's nervous system is distinctively conditioned and defines the highest of human ideals. War is its negation.
In the frame of reference of this thesis, the many conflicts of "The Bridge" assume a certain consistency. Guinness's obsessive devotion to the bridge, his willingness to surrender a principle for which he had suffered torture, his attempt to foil the plans of his allies even though it meant aiding the cause of the enemy, are all intelligible. His behavior can be regarded as the expression of a basic intuition, by force of which he transcends for the moment the realm of duty, codes, and principles, and escapes into the realm of his essential humanity. On the other hand, this same behavior is sheer madness when evaluated in terms of modern civilization, which can countenance war and the senseless destruction of human life. Guinness's own escape, however, is short-lived.
The tragic utterance, "What have I articulates and encompasses the whole tragedy of his entrapment, and by symbolic extension, the entrapment of all human beings. Whether or not Guinness deliberately sets off the bomb in an attempt to atone for his defection, or whether he sets it off accidentally as he falls dead, the plot establishes the victory for the demands of war over against man's essential humanity. In my opinion, it is no exaggeration to say of this film that it may very well become one of the classic productions of our time. -DAISY FULLILOVE BALSLEY Winston-Salem. Objection to Co-ops To the Editor of the Journal: In February you had an editorial dealing with Co-op's.
I disagreed, not with the basic editorial, but with the figures used. However, at the time I could only guess and am enclosing an article (encircled in red), which gives but one Can the 'Shook Up' Be Unshaken? It is coming to be that one hesitates to open a newspaper, a weekly publication devoted to news, or tune in on news broadcasts, lest one hear of some new monstrous crime committed by teen-agers. Over a generation ago the "thrill" murder of Bobby Franks in Chicago by two youths in their late teens engrossed the public for months, and was described as the "Crime of the Century." It can no longer be so described. By the midcentury such crimes have become commonplace. The late Clarence Darrow's plea, bolstered by a galaxy of psychiatrists, was that the brilliant, wealthy young criminals, though not legally insane, were SO mentally and emotionally disturbed as to be irresponsible for their act, and emphasized lack of motive.
Had he spoken in medieval terms he would have said they were "possessed." Mr. Darrow's brilliant defense attracted so much notice that few, I think, remember that it fell flat. The prosecuting attorney argued, with strong evidence, that the motive was not "thrill" (or thrill alone) but money; that although the youths had handsome allowances they were insufficient to cover their extravagances; that their bank accounts showed deposits certainly not from allowances indicating that previous to the crime they had ill-gained means; and the Judge in sentencing them to life instead of hanging did SO only on the grounds that there were few precedents in Illinois law for executing a minor. Now the older youth, Nathan Leopold, who was demonstrably follower not ringleader in the Co-ops, Birds By Dorothy small part of the Co-op's total business in the United States. (Editor's Note: The paragraph referred to by Mr.
Brown is from an article in Food Topics and reads: "The Olean co-op is one of 120 retailer-owned wholesale grocery warehouses which form National Retailer-Owned Grocers, Inc. The national organization owns the Shurfine label and serves 27,000 retailers whose combined volume is over nine billion dollars a You stated something like 10 billion dollars was the co-op total business. I feel that this figure is closer 10 to 15 per cent per year, due, not to such excellent management, but under a 'tax I feel that there is nothing wrong with buyers and sellers forming a co-op, however, when their profits are allowed to accumulate without being taxable, until they are paid out in dividends, and in the meantime driving out legitimate 'tax paying' businesses, then they are wrong. -S. W.
BROWN JR. Mocksville, N. C. Cellar-Dwellers To the Editor of the Journal: I want to know if we should call our ball team the Red Birds or the Dead Birds. We can have the largest Hosiery Mill in the world, we can have the largest knitting mill in the world, we can make and market the best selling cigarette in the world, but we cannot have a ball team worth a hoot.
Please tell me why. I hate to think our team must live in the cellar. -W. E. HEGE Winston-Salem.
Farm Credit To the Editor of the Journal: I have just had an opportunity to review the news article entitled "25 Years of Steady Growth Marks Cooperative Credit for Farmers" in the April 27 edition of the Journal and Sentinel by Farm Editor Martin Howard. This is an excellent story and the presentation by Mr. Howard indicates a good understanding of the grassroots problems of agriculture and farm credit. Please accept our thanks for the interest of your newspaper in cooperative farm credit and extend our congratulations to Mr. Howard.
-R. A. DARR President, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank Columbia, S. C. Thompson crime has been paroled after serving the longer part of his life, and has written a book about his prison experiences without recapitulating the circ*mstances of the crime itself.
It is interesting for students of penology but it still does not explain the crime or Leopold's companion, Loeb. (He was killed in prison.) But Erle Stanley Gardner, a writer of crime novels and student of crime who has written the introduction, notes that nowadays crimes as monstrous and unmotivated occur so often they attract only passing attention. Few know that, what happens to the criminals or what sentences they receive or how long they serve. This is what is terrifying. The public and individual mind becomes insensitized by habituation, and can conceivably come to accept such behavior as usual enough to be socially "normal." Korean Penn State student is beaten to death by a teen-age gang and the crime attracts unusual attention only by the extraordinary plea of the victim's Christian parents that his slayers be spared the death penalty.
Perhaps they should be spared. spared for what future--for themselves or society? And the others? The youth who threw a small child to her death from the top of a high building; the teenagers who and killed an old man because he hobo and no good anyhow." tortured, What of them? Clarence Darrow was on the track of something when he tried to prove that legal insanity does aberrations, inherited or acquired, that lead to then range of mental and emotional crime. But he was dealing with a single case, notable because exceptional. Is It Possible? When such crimes become epidemic can they be dealt with as individual cases? Is it possible for a considerable part of a whole generation to "go Members of juvenile gangs describe themselves as "shook up." why are they "shook up," zany, crazy? And what can be done to make them sane? Is it conceivably an epidemic that runs its course, abates with maturity, or is it a symptom of such grave maladjustment in society itself that it can mount, rather than abate, into a social disaster? serene speculative questions, but the fact is that whole generations, indeed the larger parts of whole peoples, have gone crazy in the past, have been, apparently, possessed of the devil, and have plunged themselves into the abyss. Hitler, for instance, a hospitalizable "shook up," was the climax, not the beginning, of a generation and society that has never adequately been described.
There are so many analogies between pre-Hitler Germany and America today that I shall later recall some of them in this column. Morris thing, it explains why the phrase, in one form or another, was current before hatmaking became a recognized trade. Secondly, it removes the stigma from an otherwise honorable means of employment. Incidentally, the wide popularity of the phrase can, of course, be credited to Lewis Carroll whose Mad Hatter in Alice In Wonderland is one of our most delightful comic creations. The phrase itself, however, was used often before Carroll's time, notably by Thackeray in Pendennis.
"Where did the phrase 'still, voice' come from?" asks an Oakland, reader. "And how can a voice be still and yet be heard?" still, small voice" is a phrase from the Bible (I Kings, XIX, 12); "And after the earthquake a fire; but the Lord was not in the fire; and after the fire a still small voice." As to how a voice can be still and yet be heard--for the Lord, anything is possible. Try and Stop Me By Bennett Cerf In racing circles, a current whimsy has it that a confirmed player lost everything at the track but his bus fare home. He waited at the entrance 5-10 for 20 minutes until a bus finally lumbered into view. It was marked Number Two.
He looked at his ticket. It was good only Number Seven. Tearing up his ticket, he mused forlornly, "I can't even bet on the right bus!" A.
